α1-Antitrypsin, Fecal, Quantitative

TEST: 123010
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CPT: 82103
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Expected Turnaround Time

4 - 8 days

Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary.

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Specimen Requirements

Specimen

Stool, frozen (unpreserved, random)

Volume

1 g

Minimum Volume

0.5 g

Container

Clean, screw-capped, plastic vial with no preservatives

Collection

Do not contaminate outside of container with specimen; do not overfill container. Loose/watery stools are acceptable. Ensure that no toilet tissue/sanitary materials are present in the submitted specimen.

Storage Instructions

Freeze.

Stability Requirements

Temperature

Period

Room temperature

14 days

Refrigerated

14 days

Frozen

14 days

Causes for Rejection

Nonfecal sample received (eg, serum, plasma, urine); sample taken from diaper unless portion taken has not been in contact with diaper material; preserved stool received (eg, 10% Formalin, Merthiolate Formalin, Sodium Acetate Formalin, or Polyvinyl Alcohol)

Test Details

Use

This α1-antitrypsin ELISA test is intended for the quantitative determination of α1-antitrypsin in stool samples.

Limitations

Results of this test are labeled for research purposes only by the assay's manufacturer. The performance characteristics of this assay have not been established by the manufacturer. The result should not be used for treatment or for diagnostic purposes without confirmation of the diagnosis by another medically established diagnostic product or procedure. The performance characteristics were determined by LabCorp.

Methodology

Quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Reference Interval

See table.

Age

Male (mg/g)

Female (mg/g)

0 to 30 d

Not established

Not established

31 d to 6 m

0.074–0.776

0.081–0.561

7 m to 17 y

0.064–0.406

0.064–0.406

18 to 30 y

0.064–0.319

0.069–0.271

31 to 40 y

0.052–0.353

0.066–0.401

41 to 50 y

0.061–0.387

0.060–0.277

51 to 60 y

0.037–0.319

0.051–0.313

61–70 y

0.042–0.309

0.041–0.336

>70 y

0.048–0.298

0.047–0.361

Additional Information

Intestinal protein loss is a serious consequence of various systemic or local gastrointestinal diseases (eg, allergies, chronic inflammation; malignancies). These pathologies damage the mucosal integrity and/or cause lymphostasis, thereby leading to an increased transfer of plasma proteins into the bowel lumen. Subsequently, hypoproteinemia accompanied with edema may develop. This condition is diagnosed by exclusion of other sources of protein loss and by proof of an elevated α1-antitrypsin concentration in stool.

In serum, α1-antitrypsin represents the majority of serine protease inhibitors and protects tissues from protease damages during inflammation. The protein is synthesized primarily in the liver, but also to a small extent in intestinal macrophages, monocytes, and intestinal epithelial cells. Since α1-antitrypsin is relatively resistant against enzymatic digestion, the secreted amount in stool reflects the internal concentration of the protein. An elevated α1-antitrypsin stool concentration is, therefore, a widely recognized marker for intestinal protein loss and for an increased mucosal permeability.

LOINC® Map

Order Code Order Code Name Order Loinc Result Code Result Code Name UofM Result LOINC
123010 Alpha-1-Antitrypsin, Fecal, Qn 25303-9 123011 Alpha-1-Antitrypsin, Fecal, Qn mg/g 25303-9

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The LOINC® codes are copyright © 1994-2021, Regenstrief Institute, Inc. and the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) Committee. Permission is granted in perpetuity, without payment of license fees or royalties, to use, copy, or distribute the LOINC® codes for any commercial or non-commercial purpose, subject to the terms under the license agreement found at https://loinc.org/license/. Additional information regarding LOINC® codes can be found at LOINC.org, including the LOINC Manual, which can be downloaded at LOINC.org/downloads/files/LOINCManual.pdf