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Expected Turnaround Time
2 - 4 days
Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary.
Related Information
Related Documents
Specimen Requirements
Specimen
Whole blood
Volume
1 mL
Minimum Volume
0.6 mL
Container
Royal blue-top (EDTA) tube; submit original tube.
Collection
Sampling time is not critical for industrial exposure monitoring. Metals with timing “not critical” have very long elimination half-lives and accumulate in the body over years, some for a lifetime. After a couple of weeks of exposure, specimens can be collected at any time.
Storage Instructions
Room temperature or refrigerated
Stability Requirements
Temperature | Period |
|---|---|
Room temperature | 14 days |
Refrigerated | 14 days |
Frozen | 14 days |
Freeze/thaw cycles | Stable x3 |
Causes for Rejection
Clotted specimen
Test Details
Use
Monitor recent or acute exposure to cadmium
Limitations
This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Labcorp. It has not been cleared or approved by the Food and Drug Administration.
Methodology
Inductively-coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS)
Reference Interval
• Environmental exposure: Nonsmoker: 0.3−1.2 μg/L, smoker: 0.6−3.9 μg/L
• Occupational exposure: OSHA Cadmium Standard: 5.0 μg/L; BEI®: 5.0 μg/L1
Additional Information
Cadmium poisoning through industrial exposure to inorganic cadmium fumes may produce fatigue, coughing, chest pain, a burning sensation in the throat, and renal damage. The prognosis of persons with cadmium-induced renal dysfunction is unfavorable, with urinary β-microglobulin and urinary protein the most important factors.2 Inhalation of cadmium fumes can lead to pneumonia with acute exposure and emphysema with chronic exposure.3
Cadmium poisoning is predominantly associated with cadmium fumes and/or inorganic cadmium salts that may be present in certain industrial environments. Cadmium and its inorganic compounds are commonly found in industry. Cadmium is utilized in many alloys and metal plating. Inorganic cadmium fumes or dusts are generally associated with heating, welding, and grinding of cadmium-containing metal products. Cadmium exposure in the general populace is derived from dietary intake, averaging 2−200 μg/day, and is only occasionally the precipitant of overexposure.
In organic forms, cadmium is present in food, water, and air. The normal daily intake of organic forms of cadmium ranges from 2−200 μg. Although this soluble form of cadmium may produce toxicity, overexposure to organic cadmium is generally indicative of isolated, environmental pollution. Whole blood is the recommended specimen for measuring acute or recent exposure.
BEI® are reference values intended as guidelines for evaluation of occupational exposure. BEI® represent biological levels of chemicals that correspond to workers with inhalation exposure equivalent to the threshold limit value (TLV®) of the chemicals. TLVs refer to the airborne concentrations of substances and represent conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse health effects.1
Footnotes
1. TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices 2010. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).
2. Nishijo M, Nakagawa H, Morikawa Y, et al. Prognostic factors of renal dysfunction induced by environmental cadmium pollution. Environ Res. 1994; 64(2):112-121.8306946
3. Jacobs DS, DeMott WR, Oxley DK, et al. Laboratory Test Handbook With Key Word Index. 5th ed. Hudson, Ohio: Lexi-Comp Inc; 2001.
LOINC® Map
| Order Code | Order Code Name | Order Loinc | Result Code | Result Code Name | UofM | Result LOINC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 085340 | Cadmium, Blood | 5609-3 | 085340 | Cadmium, Blood | ug/L | 5609-3 |
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CPT Statement/Profile Statement
The LOINC® codes are copyright © 1994-2021, Regenstrief Institute, Inc. and the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) Committee. Permission is granted in perpetuity, without payment of license fees or royalties, to use, copy, or distribute the LOINC® codes for any commercial or non-commercial purpose, subject to the terms under the license agreement found at https://loinc.org/license/. Additional information regarding LOINC® codes can be found at LOINC.org, including the LOINC Manual, which can be downloaded at LOINC.org/downloads/files/LOINCManual.pdf