Novel Diagnostic Markers for Rheumatoid Arthritis Including Anti-CarP (Carbamylated Protein), Anti-Sa (Citrullinated Vimentin) and Anti-CEP1 (Citrullinated Enolase Peptide1) Are Frequently Positive in Diagnostic Profiles

Despite the diagnostic contribution of Anti-CCP 3.1 (cyclic citrullinated peptide) antibody and RF (rheumatoid factor) as classified by the 2010 ACR/EULAR RA criteria, approximately one-third of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are considered “seronegative.” Novel markers, Anti-CarP Anti-Sa, and Anti-CEP-1 were recently added in order to improve RA diagnosis and characterization. These autoantibodies may predict the development of RA and may be associated with more active disease and higher risk of developing joint erosions.