Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1), Type Specific Antibodies, IgG

CPT: 86695
Updated on 11/30/2023
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Synonyms

Herpes-1; HSV Type-1 Specific Antibody, IgG; HSV-1; HSV

Herpes-1; HSV Type-1 Specific Antibody, IgG; HSV-1; HSV


Test Includes

This test includes detection of antibodies specific to herpes type 1 only.

Detection of antibodies specific to herpes type 1 only

This test includes detection of antibodies specific to herpes type 1 only.


Expected Turnaround Time

1 - 2 days


Related Documents


Specimen Requirements


Specimen

Serum


Volume

1.0 mL

0.5 mL

1.0 mL


Minimum Volume

0.4 mL (Note: This volume does not allow for repeat testing.)


Container

Red-top tube, gel-barrier tube or serum transfer tube

Red-top tube or gel-barrier tube

Red-top tube, gel-barrier tube or serum transfer tube


Collection

If tube other than a gel-barrier is used, transfer separated serum to a plastic transport tube.

If tube other than a gel-barrier is used, transfer separated serum to a plastic transport tube.


Storage Instructions

Refrigerate.


Stability Requirements

TemperaturePeriod
Room temperature2 days
Refrigerated7 days
Frozen12 weeks
Freeze/Thaw CycleStable x5

Temperature

Period

Room temperature

2 days

Refrigerated

7 days

Frozen

98 days at -25°C to -10°C

TemperaturePeriod
Room temperature2 days
Refrigerated7 days
Frozen12 weeks
Freeze/Thaw CycleStable x5

Causes for Rejection

Gross hemolysis; obvious microbial contamination and/or received outside of specimen and/or storage and/or requirements; heat-inactivated samples

Gross hemolysis; obvious microbial contamination and/or received outside of specimen and/or storage and/or requirements; heat-inactivated samples


Test Details


Use

This test is used for qualitative detection of IgG antibodies specific to HSV type 1. This test is intended for sexually active individuals and pregnant individuals as an aid in the presumptive diagnosis of HSV-1 infection. The test results may not determine the state of active lesions or associated disease manifestations, particularly in primary infection. The predictive value of positive an negative results depends on the population's prevalence and the pretest likelihood of HSV-1. The detection of HSV-1 IgG antibodies in a single sample indicates a previous exposure to HSV-1 but does not give information as to the site of HSV infection or the timing of exposure.

There is a considerable homology between HSV-1 and HSV-2 antigens, so that antibodies formed against either virus are highly crossreactive. This assay is based on purified recombinant glycoprotein G-1 and is specific for type 1 antibodies. Moreover, this assay is highly sensitive and specific and will not detect antibodies to HSV-2.

Qualititative detection of IgG antibodies specific to HSV type 1 infection; confirm or rule out possible infection with herpes simplex type 1 virus in prenatal patients. In a patient with no history of lesion disease, a positive result for this test may be indicative that the primary infection was asymptomatic. Once infected by HSV, it is possible for a patient to shed virus without the development of lesions (asymptomatic shedding). This test does not indicate the site of HSV infection. The magnitude of the Index Value is not indicative of the amount of antibody present in the patient sample.

This test is used for qualitative detection of IgG antibodies specific to HSV type 1. This test is intended for sexually active individuals and pregnant individuals as an aid in the presumptive diagnosis of HSV-1 infection. The test results may not determine the state of active lesions or associated disease manifestations, particularly in primary infection. The predictive value of positive an negative results depends on the population's prevalence and the pretest likelihood of HSV-1. The detection of HSV-1 IgG antibodies in a single sample indicates a previous exposure to HSV-1 but does not give information as to the site of HSV infection or the timing of exposure.

There is a considerable homology between HSV-1 and HSV-2 antigens, so that antibodies formed against either virus are highly crossreactive. This assay is based on purified recombinant glycoprotein G-1 and is specific for type 1 antibodies. Moreover, this assay is highly sensitive and specific and will not detect antibodies to HSV-2.


Limitations

A negative test result does not completely rule out the possibility of an infection with HSV 1. Individuals may not exhibit any detectable IgG antibodies at the early stage of acute infection. False negative results may occur when the HSV virus is glycoprotein G (gG) deficient (0.2% HSV isolates were gG deficient). The results in HIV patients, in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy or in patients with other disorders leading to immune suppression, should be interpreted with caution. Specimens from neonates, cord blood, pretransplant patients or body fluids other than serum and plasma, such as urine, saliva or amniotic fluid, have not been tested. The results should always be assessed in conjunction with the patient's medical history, clinical examination and other findings.

A negative test result does not completely rule out the possibility of an infection with HSV 1. Individuals may not exhibit any detectable IgG antibodies at the early stage of acute infection. False negative results may occur when the HSV virus is glycoprotein G (gG) deficient (0.2% HSV isolates were gG deficient). The results in HIV patients, in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy or in patients with other disorders leading to immune suppression, should be interpreted with caution. Specimens from neonates, cord blood, pretransplant patients or body fluids other than serum and plasma, such as urine, saliva or amniotic fluid, have not been tested. The results should always be assessed in conjunction with the patient's medical history, clinical examination and other findings.


Methodology

Electrochemiluminescience immunoassay (ECLIA)

Chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA)

Electrochemiluminescience immunoassay (ECLIA)


References

Miller JM, Binnicker MJ, Campbell S, et al. Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: 2024 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Mar 5:ciae104. PubMed 38442248

Workowski, Bachmann, Chan et al. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021;70(4):1-187. PubMed 34292926

Ashley R, Cent A, Maggs V, Nahmias A, Corey L. Inability of enzyme immunoassays to discriminate between infections with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. Ann Intern Med. 1991 Oct 1;115(7):520-526.1652909
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually-transmitted disease treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR. 2015;64(3).26042815
Corey L. The current trend in genital herpes. Progress in prevention. Sex Transm Dis. 1994 Mar-Apr;21(2 Suppl):S38-S44.8042114
Whitley RJ. Herpes simplex infections of women and their offspring: Implications for a developed society. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1994 Mar 29;91(7):2441-2447 (review).8146137

Miller JM, Binnicker MJ, Campbell S, et al. Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: 2024 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Mar 5:ciae104. PubMed 38442248

Workowski, Bachmann, Chan et al. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021;70(4):1-187. PubMed 34292926


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